The Spreckels Sugar Refining Company was the Philadelphia branch of the Spreckels family sugar refining combine.

Claus Spreckels (1828-1908) was born in Lamstedt, Hanover, in Germany, on July 9, 1828. He came to America in 1846 and operated groceries in Charleston, South Carolina, and New York City until 1856 when he moved to San Francisco. In 1863 he established the Bay Sugar Refining Company with his brother, obtaining raw sugar from the Hawaiian Islands. After studying refining methods in Europe, he organized the California Sugar Refining Company in 1867. Spreckels maintained a technological lead over his rivals by his own invention of new processes.

After the duty on Hawaiian sugar was lifted in 1876, Spreckels assembled the largest plantation in the islands and established his own fleet with regular monthly sailings between Honolulu and San Francisco. By 1883 Spreckels had completed the largest refinery on the West Coast, and a few years later, he bought a one-third interest in the American Sugar Refining Company, his only West Coast rival. In 1885 he broke with American, which became part of the Sugar Trust created by the Havemeyer interests, and the two firms engaged in a period of fierce competition.

To attack the Sugar Trust in its home territory, Spreckels built a modern, highly efficient refinery in Philadelphia from 1888 to 1889 at the cost of $5 million, placing it under his son, Claus A. Spreckels (1858-1946). After heavy losses, Spreckels and the American Sugar Refining Company reached a secret agreement by which they pooled their West Coast operations, and the Havemeyers were allowed to purchase a 45% interest in the Spreckels Sugar Refining Company. However, Claus Jr. resented the agreement and resigned. The feud split the family in two, with Rudolph Spreckels (1872-1958) siding with his brother and John D. and Adolph Spreckels with their father. Claus, Jr., and Rudolph gained control of the Hawaiian properties in 1894 but lost them to H. D. Baldwin four years later. A reconciliation was effected in 1905, and Rudolph became the manager of the family sugar business. The American Sugar Refining Company acquired the Spreckels Sugar Refining Company in 1895.