This subseries documents Renault, which was built by Renault Frères of Billancourt, France (1899-1908); Automobile Renault (1908-1922); Société de Usines Renault of Billancourt, France (1922-1945); Régie Nationale des Usines Renault of Billancourt, France (1945-1996), and Renault S.A. (1996-Present).

The origins of Renault go back to 1898, when brothers Louis, Ferdnand, and Marcel Renault built and sold their first car. The success of their first car prompted the brothers to establish their own car company in 1899 and the company quickly grew. A true pioneer in automotive technology and manufacturing, Renault started to mass produce its cars in 1905. The company was also noted for its successes in auto racing during the early 1900s, which included winning the 1906 French Grand Prix. Renault contributed to the French war effort during World War I by building airplanes and tanks. After the war, the company concentrated mainly on its mid-range cars.

When France fell to Germany during World War II, Renault's production facilities were taken over by the German occupiers. The company built a number of trucks for the German military during the war. Shortly after France's liberation in 1944, company owner Louis Renault was accused of collaborating with the Nazis and the firm was nationalized by the French government.

Resuming peacetime production in 1945, Renault experienced a great deal of growth. Over the next several decades, the company introduced a number of well-received cars, including the Renault 4CV, Dauphine, 4, and 5. During the 1960s, Renault built Rambler cars under license. Renault also expanded its reach by purchasing French truckmaker Berliet in 1975 and acquiring an interest in American Motors Corporation in 1978 (which it sold to Chrysler Corporation in 1987).

Renault experienced severe financial difficulties during the 1980s and 1990s, which prompted the French government to privatize the firm in 1996. The privatization was successful and Renault embarked on another period of rapid growth. In 1999, Renault established a successful partnership with Nissan Motor Company, Limited by acquiring a large interest in the ailing Japanese firm. Renault also acquired Dacia that same year.

Renault is currently France's second largest automaker and the third largest in Europe. See also American Motors, Berliet, Dacia, Nissan (Japan), and Rambler.