Hammond Organ Company was a manufacturer of electronic organs based in Chicago, Illinois. It was founded by inventor and engineer Laurens Hammond (1895-1973). Born in Evanston, Illinois, Hammond graduated from Cornell University with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1916. Following service in World War I, he became chief engineer at Gray Motor Company, a manufacturer of marine engines in Detroit, before moving to New York, and later Chicago, to pursue an inventing career. In 1928, Hammond established the Hammond Clock Company to produce clocks featuring his electric motor design. In 1934, Hammond filed a patent for an electronic musical instrument; Hammond Organ Company was founded the following year.

The original version of the Hammond organ generated sound by creating an electric current from rotating a metal tonewheel near an electromagnetic pickup, and then strengthening the signal with an amplifier to drive a speaker cabinet. Hammond organs were sold in a variety of models. They were marketed to churches as a less expensive alternative to a pipe organ and a better-quality option than a piano. They were also advertised for home use, with the advantages of a relatively small footprint and light weight. Hammond organs were sold through dealers and promoted through community musical groups and clubs. The company produced an estimated two million instruments.

Laurens Hammond retired from Hammond Organ Company in 1960, which struggled after his death in 1973, ultimately going out of business in 1985. In 1989, the name was purchased by the Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation, which rebranded the company as Hammond-Suzuki. It continues to operate.