The Textile Fibers Department of the DuPont Company was established in 1936 (known then as the Rayon Department) which specialized in researching and developing synthetic fibers for fabrics such as Rayon, Nylon, Teflon, Corian, and Kevlar. The department was renamed in 1952 to reflect the wider range of fibers being produced and was renamed the Fibers Department in 1988.

During World War I, the DuPont Company constructed a dye works at Deepwater Point, New Jersey. The plant included two research facilities, the Jackson Laboratory and the Technical Laboratory. In 1945 the plant name was changed to the Chambers Works, in honor of Dr. Arthur D. Chambers (1847-1929), a DuPont executive who promoted company involvement in the dye business. Chamber Works plant was one of two plants in New Jersey that were part of the Organic Chemicals Department devoted to the production of Dyestuffs, Neoprene, Ethyl Alcohol, Camphor and other Organic Chemicals for the rubber, petroleum, textile, paper, perfumery and other industries.

DuPont's Chestnut Run Laboratories near Wilmington, Delaware began construction in 1952 and opened in 1954. The research complex includes many buildings such as the Textile Research Laboratory, the Polychemicals Sales Services Laboratory and the Organic Chemical Department. Research at these laboratories was mainly aimed at the development of better textile products from DuPont fibers or the extension of markets through the development of new end uses.

Beginning in the early 1980s, the DuPont company made a strategic effort to broaden marketing capabilities by making every employee a salesperson. There were ongoing orientation programs within the company which stressed the need for all employees no matter what their duties, to understand the marketing function and relate their efforts to satisfying the customer.

Due to the economic recession of the early 1990s there was a substantial downsizing of the company in an effort to cut costs and focus on the manufacturing of DuPont’s core products. The company also underwent a reorganization and an international expansion. In 1996 DuPont’s stock value had increased by 160%.

DuPont formed a subsidiary for the Fibers Department called Invista in 2003 which was sold to Koch Industries in 2004. Products such as the Performance Fabrics developed by DuPont are now part of Invista.

Lavoisier Library is the library at the DuPont Company's Experimental Station, a large industrial research facility focused on innovative advancements in chemistry located in Wilmington, Delaware. The Lavoisier Library was established in 1917 as the DuPont Technical Library and was within the Chemical Department. The Library was organized by Dr. Charles Reese (1862-1940), the director of the Chemical Department. In 1950 the library was named after the renowned chemist Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794). There are several branches of DuPont Technical Libraries. The Chestnut Run branch first began at the Textile Research Laboratory in May of 1958 and in 1960 became Chestnut Run Technical Library.